四百五十章 三光气(1 / 1)

无奈之下,王近之只能吩咐大幅度地增加氯化亚砜投料比例,提高催化剂用量或选择不同的催化剂,釆用各种不同的活性溶剂等等,结果都差不多,即有大量原料没反应完毕,而大分子量的酸与酰氯混和物,因为原料与产物性质接近,无法通过重结晶分离,合成又一次卡壳了。

那么,釆取三氯化磷,氯化氧磷等其它氯化剂试一试?这类催化剂都是高腐蚀强刺激性的原料,采购周期长,一来二回的,釆购到后一试,连反应都没发生,更无从谈起什么反应完全了。

浙大计划用硅胶分离酸与酰氯先打通路线再说,结果,分离度很差,酰氯又不稳定,最后,也以失败告终。转眼间三个月就到了,原计划拿出产品进行鉴定的,结果泡汤了,这可关联到企业与高校的面子,虽然说技术研发有成有败,但如拖过年无法完成的话,在政府档案上挂科,绝非好事。

除了这几种酰氯化试剂,活性更强的还有草酰氯与光气,可它们的毒性比氯化亚砜等大得多,既使可行,先不上生产上管理难度大,政府安评这一关就过不去。

“唯一的办法只有用三光气试一试了,它在反应过程中可以缓慢地分解,生成光气。国内资料把三光气作为绿色化工原料推广的。”熊伟安汇总了技术资料后提议。

三光气的本质还是光气酰氯化,如吸收不充分,跑出的还是剧毒气体光气,风险视同光气,怎成绿色原料了?可项目卡壳,除了冒险一试之外,还有什么法子?王近之经过一夜的思考,最后同意了熊伟安的方案。

三光气釆购到位了,是白色块状晶体,空白试验表明,它在各种有机溶剂里都可溶解。经过讨论分析,课题组计划选择氯仿与苯两种溶剂作为反应溶剂,以DMF为催化剂,进行酰氯化反应。

为防万一,王近之联系了机修对通风柜进行了一次检修,再来到药分部,说:“赵定岳,得辛苦你们几天,液相全程跟踪反应过程,不然,万一光气突然分解放出,这可不是开玩笑的事。”

液相准备完毕,先用二十亳升的小烧瓶里试着反应一批,看一下反应的剧烈程度,量少,即使产生光气,也易被吸收,实验员全副武装,戴上防毒面具,如临大敌地开始第一个小试探索。反应是在以氯仿为溶剂,DMF为催化剂,回流的条件下缓慢滴加三光气氯仿溶液,中控反馈,转化率比较理想,当三光气达到理论量的一点一倍时,原料已经转化完全,主峰含量98%多一些,几乎无其它副反应。经后处理,单酰氯的主峰又有了提高,达到99.4%。

酰氯化的难关过去了,课题组进入放大投料量的小试中。反应是在氯仿回流的条件下,控制滴加速度而进行的,放大到一升的烧瓶中进行,操作稳定性比小烧瓶更好更易控。连续三批收率稳定,质量可靠,这三光气也没原先想象的那么危险嘛,潘满建边想,边摘下全面罩,更换了一幅普通的防护镜,说实话,带着个橡皮的活性炭全面罩实在太闷。

“起始原料酯化物价格很低,中试一批也浪费不了几个钱,要不,我们边中试一批单酯酰氯,边往下制备碘普罗胺,这样的话,说不定还能抢回些时间。”王近之核算了一下,试个三百千克单酯酰氯也就一万元钱,一个星期就能搞定,于是向吴总提交了中试申请。

中试车间已改成碘克沙醇生产车间,可反应釜的利用率并不高,找两个小釜是很容易的事,加上车间全是老部下,很快,中试计划就协调下去了。

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