第46章 旺夫兴家(五)(2 / 2)

黑二姑 北海布衣 1420 字 2022-04-23

尤其是清朝末年,官员贪污腐化成风,官场之中派系林立,既有同宗、同门、同年和同科之分,还有小到同乡、同县,大到同州、同府和同省之分,更有负责主考的恩师提携之谊。总而言之,名目众多,无外乎就是变着法子拉关系,交朋友,为了自己早日谋个进身之道而已。

单是下级和官员之间的礼尚往来,就名目繁多。比如说能摆上台面的“孝敬”:到了冬季下级要孝敬上级“炭敬”,来年夏季又要奉上“冰敬”,这样的名堂不一而足,数不胜数。

冬日守着火炉,或者暖气暖风,宛如春天一般,暖意融融。在炎热的夏季,享受着空调房wifi,美美的吃着冰镇西瓜,喝着扎啤,这些都是现代人的生活。

在旧社会,这些事情你想都别想。那个时候可没有空调冰箱。像古人诗句中描述的“绿蚁新醅酒,红泥小火炉。晚来天欲雪,能饮一杯无?”这样的情景,也不是一般的贫苦家庭能够拥有的。因为万千大众吃不饱穿不暖,那有多余的粮食去酿酒?至于对着院外赏雪景饮美酒,甭说是没有酒,就是偶然有了酒,他们也没有那个闲情逸致。行酒令,击鼓传花,还有赏美景、吟诗作赋,亦或行书作画等方面的风花雪月,那是富家子弟和豪门大户人家茶余饭后的雅兴。

至于夏日所用之冰,都是冬天采集好放入冰窖储存,等到高温酷暑再拿来使用。但是等到了夏季,这些储存的冰已经融化了七七八八,这么奢侈的享受平头百姓可是想都不敢想的。正因为如此,才显得与众不同。下级官员向上级官员和京官一年两次进献“冰敬”和“炭敬”,就成了通用的潜规则,也就是大清国官场的常例。

还有能摆的上台面的“火耗银”。知府、县令等下级官员,在辖区内向老百姓收取的赋税,通常都是散银,集中上缴到巡抚或总督那里,还要冶炼成大块官银,这里面就有了所谓的损耗,所以必须再向平民百姓额外摊派些火耗银。这些火耗银呢,大部分就被官员们揣起来了,再给上面的巡抚大人们们分一部分,彼此相安无事。雍正时期出台的“火耗归公”,之所以引起那么大的反弹,下面群情激昂,声音嘈杂,官员怨声载道,就是因为雍正皇帝的决策断了地方官的财路。

另外,还有一些半摆上台面的“孝敬“,比如程仪、红白喜事等。什么是程仪呢?通俗的说就是车马费。上级要升迁、外调、出差或者远游,下级要趁机送上一笔差旅费用。对这种套路上面还是知道的,只是睁一只眼闭一只眼罢了。至于红白喜事就更容易理解了,上级返乡丁忧、纳娶小妾、儿婚女嫁、建房、乔迁等等,亦属于人之常情,人情往来,可都是要孝敬银子的,除非哪一个官员不想在官场混了。

最微妙的,还有台面下的一种暗箱操作,也就是通常说的雅贿。知府、知县等中下级官员,有时候为了结交巴结省府或京官大员,会花大价钱购买极富价值的书画、古董或文物,并亲自送上府去。收礼的大员呢,往往会皱着眉头说,你这幅画亦或这个古董是个赝品,这样吧,留在我这好了,给你几两银子就算是我买的。日后该办的事就办了,彼此心照不宣,非常默契,各自心安理得。除了送上所谓的赝品古玩、字画等,还有的送美女、歌舞伎,更有的甚至挖空心思送幼女、**,以满足某些具有恋童癖,亦或“龙阳之好”“断袖之癖”官员的特殊喜好。

高层的官员呢,往往是打个哈哈,或者以酒遮面,将下级所送尽数笑纳。而那些下级官员,为了送礼或者别有用心,又会变着法子给底层农民增加苛捐杂税,在朝廷法定的赋税之上再增加名目敛财。结果上行下效,沆瀣一气,众多官员牵涉其中,难以自拔。

要想在官员中立足,又保持自己的清流洁白之身,可是大不易。往往用不了多长时间,就会被有心人投其所好,拉下水,从而同流合污了。

当然,这些对于富贵目前的地位来说,距离还比较遥远。但是身在官场,就要不可避免的受到明规则的制约,还有潜规则的影响。

古人常说,出水才见两腿泥。这官场的水呐,可是深着呢。官场就像一个大染缸,红橙黄绿青蓝紫,五彩缤纷。老百姓有句老话,要想从染坊中倒出白布来,难啊。

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