奇兵(1 / 1)

用车

车战,三代用之,秦汉而下,寝以骑兵为便,故车制湮灭,世莫得详。至汉卫青击胡,以武刚车自环为营,纵骑兵出击,单于于是遁走。李陵深入胡地,猝与虏遇,众寡不敌,陵以大军为营,引士于外,千弩俱发,虏乃解去。晋马隆讨树机能,贼乘险设伏,遏绝隆前后,隆依八阵图作偏箱车,地广则以鹿角车营,路狭则为木屋施于车上,且战且前,遂平羌众。唐马燧□亦造战车,蒙以狻猊象,列戟于后,行则载兵甲,止则为营阵,或塞险以遏奔冲。

宋咸平中,吴淑上议,复谓平原广野,胡骑焱至,苟非连车以制之,则何以御其奔突?故用车战为便(其制:取常用车,接其斯扼,驾以一牛,布为方阵,四面皆然。东西鳞次,前后栉比,车上置枪,以刃残向上,蔽革以防火攻。列士卒于外,前行持枪盾,后行持弓弩。贼至,令兵士上车,每车载四人,皆持弩。军阵之内数十步间,连六车或四牛,上为重屋,施强弩。贼至,击鼓为节以射之,虏不能犯,乃出骑兵以击之)。此数者,皆谓以车为卫,则非三代驰车击战之法,然自足以御敌制胜也。惟唐房□击安禄山,用春秋车战之法,以车二千乘,夹以马步,贼顺风扬尘鼓噪,牛皆震骇,因缚刍纵火焚之,人畜挠败,□遂遁走。此亦古今殊时,而用有利害也。则知车战之法,所以躏烁强阵,止御奔冲,行则负载粮械,止则环作营卫,其用一也,其制则不必尽同。取地之所利,与敌人之所害,或因或改,便于施用而已。其用车之要,古兵法皆具之,今列于左。

兵法曰:用车之法,五车有一长,十车有一吏,五十车有一卒,百车有一将。易战之法,五车为列,前后相去四十步,左右十步,队间六十步。险战之法,车必循道,十车为一聚,二十车为一屯,前后相去二十步,左右六步,队间三十六步,五车一长,纵横相去一里。易战之法,一车当步卒八十人,八十人当一车;一车当十骑,十骑当一车。车骑者,军之武兵也,故十乘败千人,百乘乱万人。用车之道,阴湿则停,阳燥则起;贵高贱下,驰其要害,逐其粮草;若进若止,必从其道。敌人若起,必遂其迹。其士须选少壮□乔健,走追奔马,及驰而乘之,则前后左右上下周旋,能束缚车旗,力可引其八石,能射前后左右便习者,名武车之士,眷之不可以不厚也。然用车之道,死地有十,胜势有八,不可不审察也。可往而无以还者,车之死地;越绝险阻,乘敌远行者,车之竭地;前易后险者,车之用地;陷之险阻,出而无以返者,车之绝地;圯下渐泽,黑土粘埴者,车之劳地;左险右易,上陵仰阪者,车之逆地;殷草横亩,犯

夫者,正兵之变也;伏兵者,之别也。奇非正,则无所恃;正非奇,则不能取胜。故不虞以击,则谓之;匿形而发,则谓之伏兵,其实则一也。历观前志,连百万之师,两敌相向,列阵以战,而不用奇者,未有不败亡也,故兵不奇则不胜。

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