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开局重八做兄弟
每日一鸽
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2021-03-13
右塘水之北,画河为界,所以限南北,谨障塞也。初,淳化中,雄州何承矩制置缘边屯田,以大理丞黄懋充判官。懋於河北大兴作水田,缘山导泉,倍省工力。以陂塘甚多,引水溉田,公私获利,因诏承矩领护之,发戍兵万八千人给其役。承矩于顺安军西开易河蒲口,引水东注至海,东西三百馀里,南北五十七里,滋其陂泽,筑堤贮水,为屯田以助要害,捍蕃骑侵轶。时多为将帅所沮云:甲马雄盛,不宜示弱。殊不知地利者,兵之助也。又顺安至西山,地跨数军,不遥百里,维有兵陵冈阜,而多泉渎,因而广之,审地势而制塘埭,令沧州乾宁军常督壕寨吏专视斗门水口,旦夕俟海潮至,放水入御河,东置堰以益塘水,由是顺安军东濒于海,广袤数百里悉为稻田,莞蒲?半蛤,民赖其利。宋太宗以为渠田之设,制胡马之长技,又以安抚司专制置缘边浚陂塘、筑堤道,具为条式画图,以付边郡屯田司,东自泥姑海口,凡一百六十里;西尽边吴泊,凡历七州军。后复据枢密使夏竦上言:沿边塘泊,自海而西,至边吴淀及安肃军、保州,而西接西山路,阔壹百馀里,其间有鲍河、曹河、徐河、叫喉泉、尚泉、方顺河、安阳河、唐河,尽可堰截,引水灌注以为塘淀。遂诏修保州、广信、安肃、顺安、永宁五州军堤道,作汇水之备。惟跳山以西,有壅水不可到处,第密种所宜树木。祥符中,缘边官地所种榆柳三百万。真宗出图以示辅臣曰:可以代鹿角及开陷马坑。委州县守宰主役。此并中国战守之助也。先是太宗时,患北戎侵轶,亦尝置开方田,使以陷胡骑。咸平中,上封人孙士龙及静戎军王能,并言方田之利,请置于北边。能请於军城东新河之北开之,广袤相去皆五尺,深七尺,状若连锁(俗谓之解镫),东西至顺安、威虏军境。仍以地图来上。是日诏令:静戎、顺安、威虏军界皆置方田,凿河以遏胡骑。今保州、广信、安肃军境皆可设置,与竦前言陷马坑类,极边赖之,与塘水共为利也。
论曰:今北边控扼之方,中国形势之地,西自黑芦口,东距沧海,其间叁百馀里,中国得地者多,匈奴得地者寡,何哉?自顺安军东至莫州二十里,皆是川堑沟渎,葭苇蒙蔽,泉水纵横,此乃匈奴天牢之地也,彼则不能驰骋。又东北至雄州三十里,又东至霸州七十里,又东至海水口,皆是营田堤岸,隰水渐洳,此乃匈奴天陷之地也,彼则不能骑射。又自顺安军西至安肃军约五十里,夹两河之间,草木茂盛,乃匈奴天罗之地也,彼则不能骑战。又西至广信军二十里,夹二军之间,地多硗确,此匈奴天隙之地也,彼则不能奔冲。此中国得地形之多也。
夫引弓之民,恃其劲骑,利在平地;中国多步兵,利於险阻,赵魏之比,燕蓟之南,千里之间,地平如砥,兵法谓“走不逐飞,步不逐骑”,较然可知矣。今北边要害,塘水之外,自保州边吴泊西距长城口,广袤五十里,可以长驱深入,乃中国与匈奴必争之地。自牟山至柏山,凡路口十馀,八角口尤阔,几二千步,其馀千步,泊二十步;定州安阳口趋北山路,岳岭北寨趋蔚州界石臼、银
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