【2401】切准了(1 / 1)

首先需要了解人体解剖结构,心脏纵隔大血管胸腺等等几乎有部分在胸骨后头藏着的。相当于说,你想绕开胸骨这块横挡在路上的大石头做手术基本不可能。劈开胸骨好过绕路时不知道断多少根其它骨头,人体前胸不是除了胸骨没有其它骨头。而且这样的入路速度最快,劈开胸骨可以很快暴露出心脏纵隔大血管等这些重要脏器。既然选择开胸手术,第一肯定是要保证术野宽敞明亮透彻,这样医生好麻利干活早点把手术解决。这个做法是好比腹腔手术探查的话一样选择腹部正中切口,胸腔和腹腔均可想象成麻袋,一刀正中劈开,最容易看清楚里头全装了什么东西有什么地方坏了。

说到劈骨头,自然会想到之前说的骨科刀。对待胸骨这样一块好比大树干的大骨头,医生直接上手电锯更快。医生拿的电锯肯定不是外面工地上用的电锯,要是拿那个上台估计先得把人吓死。

骨科刀可以做的很轻巧,手术用的电锯一样,做成了手电钻似的。只要功率够锯齿锐,起到功效一样,工具大小选择取决于目标物大小,只是劈块骨头不是劈棵大树何必拿大工具。

电锯劈大树,不是乱劈的,要奔着切口整齐,两段瞬裂,达到事后容易收拾残局的目的。

手术电锯名为胸骨锯劈开胸骨时同样要有策划和目的,正中切线上切开,切口整齐,一是美观。二是切开的骨头做完手术要重新绑起来的,到时候对标容易,切口愈合容易。三最重要是可以规范暴露胸骨后的手术视野,利于后续进行的内脏手术。若给切歪了,你拉开切口后,不得重新调整术野,患者痛苦医生痛苦。

重要的节点在这里了,要把中线切准了。

问题不说你术前隔着皮肤摸着定位这胸骨时能不能摸准中线在哪儿,你开了刀进去把皮肤切开了,之前预测的线肯定没了,需要重新再确定中线位置。

开刀进入后的医生需要一路理清楚胸骨中线,这一路摸索的过程同时为劈开胸骨前的准备工作。说这个过程有多不容易,人的骨头上不是说简单一块骨头,是上头附着了骨骼肌等其它七七八八的东西。修理骨头时,势必需要医生用手用工具像拂去机器金属构件上的尘埃和电线一样,先整理清楚剥离掉这些附着构件再能下手。胸骨作为人体很重要的一块大骨头,上面附着的肌肉群很多。

主刀戴手套的手伸进去摸了,摸出两侧肋骨确定胸骨外缘,再定中点位置两三个,作为连接上下的中点连线。之后,护士递上了一把中弯,中弯是通常我们说的中弯止血钳了。

为什么说心胸外和神经外被誉为外科两大特殊专科,原因在这里了。人家要处理的不仅仅是内脏器官,要同时处理骨头这样的硬物。骨科的话不用处理内脏器官。其它外科科室基本很少碰触到骨头硬物的。

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