第780章何为军功(2 / 2)

那个凹财看了那些将官一圈,高声说道:“有什么好笑的?我问得不对吗?

调我们来的时候我们土司大人可是说过了,你们这边也是按照人头算的,不是吗?

再说了,打仗之前我问清楚了不对吗?免得到时候大首领耍赖。”

中军大帐里又是一阵笑声,苏超摆了一下手,将笑声压了下去,对凹财笑道:“凹财头人,你放心,我这个大首领说话算话,绝对不会耍赖的。

一颗倭寇的人头五贯银钱,也就是五两银子,这个价格童叟无欺,我们大明的士卒也是一样的价格。

不过咱们说好了,是你们壮家狼兵杀的,你们就拿人头来算银子,别他娘的砍了别人杀的倭寇脑袋来糊弄本大首领就是了。”

苏超不得不提醒一句,因为战后抢人头换军功的情况在大明军中也是经常发生的。

要是抢人头的事情发生在大明军队内部也就罢了,只要当官的出面压制和调解一下就过去了,但是壮家狼兵不一样啊,他们是广西大土司的私兵,他们不跟你讲道理的。

这砍人头计军功可不是大明的专利,而是自古以来就有的,那些少数民族更是如此,都是凭借人头多少来计算军功的。

据《战国策?韩策》中记载:“秦人捐甲徒裎以趋敌,左挈人头,右挟生虏。”形象地描述了秦军光着膀子,左手拎着人头,右手夹着俘虏,奋勇杀敌的样子。

然而斩首立功的同时,也有考核流程和诸多禁忌。

此外,斩将、夺旗、先登、破阵等行为均属于军功范畴,相较之下,斩首不过是普通军功而已。

常人通常认为战场上瞬息万变,士兵没有时间割人头。

实际上,古代军队作战并非单打独斗。

以秦军为例,作战时以一乘为最小作战单位,人数有一百人,由七十五名战士和二十五名后勤人员组成。

当一个士兵砍人头时,将得到其他战友的掩护,因此,《战国策》所描述的情形是有可能出现的。

秦国对于军功的考核有着严格的要求。

秦军五人一伍,若有一人战死,其余四人获罪,有二到三人战死,则加重处罚。

免罚的条件是秦军一人战死,必须用一个敌军人头补偿。

因此,普通士兵若想取得军功,必须先在斩获敌首中扣除己方战损士兵,方能计算军功。

斩首耗费时间长,分量重,不利于行军作战,各个历史时期都有用其他部位代替人头的记载。

在《说文解字》中记载:“馘(读guó),军战断耳也。”

古代战争中,割取敌人的左耳代替首级。

选择左耳,是因为古代以左为尊。这种做法以元朝为盛。

另外,西夏在西北强势崛起,也有以鼻代首的记载。

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