第一百八十章 出山 11(2 / 2)
白锦玉凤辰
伪装清纯
0 字
2021-04-12
韩非认为,光有法和术还不行,必须有“势”做保证。“势”,即权势,政权。他赞赏慎到所说的“尧为匹夫不能治三人,而桀为天子能乱天下”(《难者》),提出了“抱法处势则治,背法去势则乱”(《难势》)的论点。
韩非的法治思想适应了中国一定历史发展阶段的需要,在中国封建中央集权制度的确立过程中起了一定的理论指导作用。
法不阿贵
尤可称道的是,韩非第一次明确提出了“法不阿贵”的思想,主张“刑过不避大臣,赏善不遗匹夫”。这是对中国法治思想的重大贡献,对于清除贵族特权、维护法律尊严,产生了积极的影响。
儒家讲究“礼不下庶人,刑不上大夫”,而以韩非为代表的法家更把它发展成法律面前、人人平等。法律即使是对高贵的人,有权势的人也不徇情。《韩子·有度》:“法不阿贵,绳不绕曲。法之所加,智者弗能辞,勇者弗敢争,刑过不避大臣,赏善不遗匹夫。”
以法为教
韩非主张以法为教,意思就是除了制订法律以外,还必须要宣传法律,普及法律知识,遵守法律,运用法律,使整个社会形成“知法、懂法、守法”的良好风气。(出处《韩子·五蠹》:“故明主之国,无书简之文,以法为教。”)
韩非的法家思想最伟大的实践者是秦始皇,秦国的教育制度,便为法家思想。以法为教是秦代施行政策,加强思想法制,巩固中央集权的标志之一。
法教是与礼教相对立的。在秦未统一六国时,秦孝公就同商鞅、甘龙、杜挚三大夫讨论正法之本,商鞅掌握秦国政权后,便强调以法制取代礼治。所谓知者作法而贤者更礼(《商君书·更法》)。他还写了奏书,陈述明主忠民产于今世,而散领其国者,不可以须臾忘于法(《商君书·慎法》)。
韩非的法治思想在后世有它一定的现实意义,特别是其“法、术、势”相结合的理论。韩非“以法为本”的主张得到现实的实践,成为当代的主流思想。韩非还强调“以法为教”,也使后人更加懂得,除了制订法律以外,还必须要宣传法律,普及法律知识,让广大人民群众知晓法律,运用法律,遵守法律,使整个社会形成“知法、懂法、守法”的良好风气。
韩非的“术”是指君王统治的手段和策略,拿到今天来看,可以变为管理者的管理方法。如对被管理者要进行业务考核,要让其名符其实;对工作有成绩的给予褒奖,对工作不称职的给予责罚;
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