第二百五十章 诱论莽热入瓮(1 / 2)

唐朝好郎君 叶苑风 0 字 2021-04-28

二、剑南唐军的前倨后恭

说完了朔方,再来看看另一个战略方向——川滇。

四川对唐朝有多重要,从老李家皇帝总往蜀地跑,就能知道了。

更不消说,这颗“帝国续命丹”还是国家的财政奶牛之一。

顾炎武在《天下郡国利病书》中说道:“唐都长安,每有寇盗,辄为出奔之举,恃有蜀也。

所以再奔再北,而未至亡国,亦幸有蜀也。自秦汉以来,巴蜀为外府,而唐卒赖以不亡,斯其效也。”

但长久以来,对唐蕃国战的审视,视线都被河陇吸引,西南方向长期被忽视。

其实,河陇与川滇是吐蕃的左右勾拳,任何一拳打穿防线,都能要了唐朝的命。

长了个鞋拔子脸的剑南道,南北长东西窄,西侧防线长达800多公里。最北端的扶州(九寨沟县)东接陇南(武州),往下依次是松州(松潘)、茂州(茂县)、维州(理县东北)、雅州(雅安)、黎州(汉源)、嶲州(西昌)、昆明盐源县)、姚州(姚安县)、防线最窄处只有50多公里,严重缺乏纵深。

为对抗吐蕃强劲的东扩势头,增加剑南防线的回旋余地,唐朝甚至打破了对川西诸羌分而治之的战略,转而扶持南诏作二号头目,以事先左右合击。

可惜南诏崛起后,唐朝又与其爆发天宝之战,不但20万唐军埋骨云南,南诏也弃唐投蕃,成了吐蕃的“兄弟之国”。

随着安史之乱的爆发,蕃诏诸羌形成合力,掀起了一波进攻狂潮。

天宝十五年(756年),取松州、维州、云山城、安戎城(理县西)、嶲州、会同会理县、台登泸沽湖镇、昆明盐源县)、清溪关(大渡河南),剑南防线被压缩到极致。

要知道,只要突破了川西山地,四川盆地将无险可守,成都陷落只是早晚的事。

当时避居锦官城的杜甫杜老爷子都看出危险了,他在信中写道:“吐蕃今下松维等州,成都已不安矣”。

时任剑南节度使高适属于“内战内行,外战外行”的货色,对吐蕃的进攻束手无策。

所幸,继任者严武是个狠人,他与崔宁(崔旰)带兵反击,于广德二年(764年)九月爆锤了蕃军,夺当狗城(理县西南)、盐川城(漳县西北),初步稳定了川西局势。

随后双方陷入僵持,崔宁虽在大历十年至十二年间(775777年),数次击败吐蕃,但蕃军主攻,唐军防御的整体格局未能扭转。

导致天平倾斜的砝码又是南诏,大历十四年(779年),南诏王异牟寻即位。

同年十月,吐蕃联合南诏,发兵十万,分三路大举进攻蜀川,“一趋茂州,逾文川,扰灌口;一趋扶、文,掠方维、白坝;一侵黎、雅,叩邛峡关”,喊出了“取蜀以为东府”的口号。

唐德宗命中唐名将李晟率神策军,曲环率邠州、陇南各镇兵,与山南两道唐军联合救援。

李晟取道雅州(四川雅安),连夺飞越(汉源县西北)、肃宁等城。

左金吾卫将曲环领一部唐军,在七盘击退蕃诏联军,克维州、茂州等城。

多路唐军汇合后,李晟率军强渡大渡河,截断蕃诏联军归路,斩首六千级,“饥寒陨于崖谷死者八、九万人”。

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