第一章 土豪田地(2 / 2)

太平客栈 莫问江湖 0 字 2021-11-28

    沈长生想了想,有些不确定道:“是皇帝老爷?”

    李玄都摇头道:“不对。”

    沈长生又道:“是青阳教?”

    李玄都还是摇头:“也不对。”

    这次变成沈长生摇头:“那我猜不出了,请李先生告诉我吧。”

    “是士绅,也包括各级官吏。真正能盘剥百姓的,不是皇帝,而是士绅。那些民脂民膏,能进到皇帝口袋里的,十不存一。”李玄都道:“从某种意义上来说,皇帝的利益和百姓的利益是一致的。”

    沈长生还是第一次听到这个说法,便有些不同意了:“可皇帝大兴土木,挥霍无度,苦的都是百姓啊,史书上都是这么说的。”

    李玄都“哈”了一声:“皇帝奢靡挥霍,的确会苦百姓,但是真正让百姓苦的不是皇帝花了多少银钱,而是因为皇帝的奢靡会给中间的官吏有了一个搜刮的借口。就拿本朝的世宗皇帝来说,他曾经想要大兴土木,修建宫殿,两座宫殿的预算是五百万两,可仅仅是修建了一座宫殿,便花费了五百万两,而且让天下百姓叫苦不迭。可真要仔细算下来,五百万两很多吗?多到让全天下的百姓都承受不起?世宗年间,我大魏的税收一年可是足有九千万两之巨,仅仅是五百万两银子,便让百姓民意汹涌,你说是什么原因?”

    沈长生被问住了,不知该如何回答。

    李玄都轻叹道:“修建宫殿要用木材,一块可以做栋梁的大料,从云州运往帝京,耗费白银达十万两之巨,你说有多少州府县衙从中贪墨了银两?这还是仅仅是木材,还有大理石、花岗岩,这一桩桩算下来,花费岂能不多。皇帝在上面花一两银子,下面的各级官吏便能趁着这个机会搜刮十两,皇帝花五百万两银子,他们就会搜刮五千万两银子,你也不要觉得多,这不是一个人贪的,而是各级官吏贪的,大官大贪,小官小贪,百姓承受不住,只能卖了田地,投奔士绅。”

    “士绅不用向朝廷缴纳赋税,百姓们投身于士绅的麾下,这样便可免去朝廷的赋税。可如此一来,朝廷便收不到税,只好向那些没有投身于士绅的百姓加重赋税,逼得这些百姓活不下去,也去投身至士绅麾下。长此以往,士绅的土地越来越多,朝廷的税收越来越少。又因为百姓人数越来越多的缘故,人多地少,百姓的日子也越来越苦,仅仅能够糊口,难有存粮备荒。若有天灾**,流民遍地,朝廷又无力赈灾,百姓便会造反,朝廷无钱,更无力平叛,于是朝廷便不得不亡。”

    沈长生听得目瞪口呆。

    李玄都继续说道:“所以每次改朝换代,都要经历一场大乱,杀一个血流千里,将那些旧有的豪绅贵族全部灭掉,把他们的土地重新分给百姓。同时,百姓们经历战事之后,人数大为减少,此时又是人少地多,种的粮食不仅可以够自己吃,还能存下来备荒,于是人人安居乐业,这便是太平世道。”

    “皇帝与朝廷一体,一荣俱荣,一损俱损。可官员们不一样,他们做完了这一任,哪管以后如何,固然有以天下为己任的忠臣清官,可也有那只求富贵的奸臣贪官。朝廷以百姓为根基,君、社稷、百姓,互相依存,百姓痛恨贪污,皇帝也痛恨贪污,百姓们觉得那些贪官抢走了自己的钱,皇帝觉得这些贪官偷走了他的钱,也祸害了他的天下。所以我才会说,在某种意义上,皇帝和百姓的利益是一致的”

    “有些朝代,得国不正,未有刀兵大乱,而是以宫廷阴谋上位,那些豪绅贵族还是占据了大量土地,百姓们还是没有田地,这样的朝代便会短命,难以长久。”

    沈长生晃了晃脑袋,觉得有些明白了,又觉得还是有些不明白:“李先生的意思是说,如果秦总督是为了百姓好,就不会把这些土地还给那些大户人家,是不是?”

    李玄都点头赞许道:“孺子可教也。”

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