第一千九百五十一章雍正新创,色薄而淡,滋润无比(2 / 2)

器底有釉下暗刻的,大清雍正年制六字篆书印章款;

和少数暗刻,双圈六字楷书款大清雍正年制。

黄釉黄釉,为明清两代宫廷中的至尊之色。

日常餐饮所用的盘、碗绝大多数为黄釉器。

黄釉的呈色剂是氧化锑,雍正时在氧化锑中加入不同数量的铁,使色调发生丰富的变化。

此时的黄釉有娇黄(浇黄)、淡黄、蜜蜡黄、鳝鱼黄等,有名的淡黄(蛋黄)为雍正新创,色薄而淡,滋润无比。

雍正黄釉,不像康熙朝那样在素坯的涩胎上施釉。

而是在烧好的白瓷上施低温黄釉,所以十分洁净。

蛋黄釉多见小件薄胎盘、碗器物。

有少量凸雕莲瓣的黄釉盘,口径可达40厘米。

黄釉有里外全黄、里白釉外黄釉之分。

盘、碗的底白釉内,多有青花六字楷书款大清雍正年制,青花六字篆书印章款的器物较少。

黄釉制品的用途,主要是祭祀用品和日常餐饮。

据《清档》记载:雍正元年正月十六日,怡亲王黄瓷盘六十件,黄瓷碗八十个。

此盘碗上,都配做铜果托果罩。

一般来说日用餐用盘、碗是不必配置铜果托果罩的。

只有盛装供果的盘、碗,便于祭品的摆放才需要配托罩。

清代祭器所用之色,沿袭传统的天玄地黄之说。

按照五行中的水,火,木,金,土配以对应的五色;

青、赤、黄、白、黑来祭拜不同方位的神灵。

国家大祭中圜丘、祈谷、常雩用青。

方泽用黄,日坛用赤。

月坛用白;社稷,先农用黄。

日常餐具方面,皇帝、皇后,可以无定额地使用最尊贵的黄釉器皿。

皇太后份额下,每年供应黄瓷盘二百五十个,各色瓷盘百,各色瓷碗五十。

皇后略少,用黄瓷盘二百二十,各色瓷盘八十,黄瓷碟四十,各色瓷碟五十,黄瓷碗百,各色瓷碟五十。

以此类推,皇贵妃使用里白外黄瓷,贵妃、嫔、贵人、答应、常在位序的中下等嫔妃们则与纯黄器无缘。

清档中,雍正十一年十二月十二日,茶房笔贴式常宁,送来散秩大臣茶饭房总管马哈达等咨称,本房奏茶饭房黄瓷碗、黄磁盅现不足用。

饭房欲添二等黄瓷碗三十件、三等黄瓷碗二十件,黄磁盅三十件。

茶房欲添黄磁盅二十件,共添一百件。

请海望行与该处烧造等语。

最后下达旨意:交总管取用。

从此可以看出,黄釉器在宫廷之内的地位是十分重要的。

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