第二百四十八章(1 / 2)
农门福女之痞帅夫君帮种田
温余夕
0 字
2021-11-18
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廉颇者,赵之良将也。赵惠文王十六年,廉颇为赵将,伐齐,大破之,取阳晋,拜为上卿,以勇气闻于诸侯。
蔺相如者,赵人也。为赵宦者令缪贤舍人。
赵惠文王时,得楚和氏璧。秦昭王闻之,使人遗赵王书,愿以十五城请易璧。赵王与大将军廉颇诸大臣谋:欲予秦,秦城城恐不可得,徒见欺;欲勿予,即患秦兵之来。计未定,求人可使报秦者,未得。
宦者令缪贤曰:“臣舍人蔺相如可使。”王问:“何以知之?”对曰:“臣尝有罪,窃计欲亡走燕。臣舍人相如目臣曰:‘君何以知燕王?’臣语曰,臣尝从大王与燕王会境上,燕王私握臣手曰,‘愿结友’,以此知之,故欲往。相如谓臣曰:‘夫赵强而燕弱,而君幸于赵王,故燕王欲结于君。今君乃亡赵走燕,燕畏赵,其势必不敢留君,而束君归赵矣。君不如肉袒伏斧质请罪,则幸得脱矣。’臣从其计,大王亦幸赦臣。臣窃以为其人勇士,有智谋,宜可使。”
于是王召见,问蔺相如曰:“秦王以十五城请易寡人之璧,可予不?”相如曰:“秦强而赵弱,不可不许。”王曰:“取吾璧,不予我城,奈何?”相如曰:“秦以城求璧而赵不许,曲在赵;赵予璧而秦不予赵城,曲在秦。均之二策,宁许以负秦曲。”王曰:“谁可使者?”相如曰:“王必无人,臣愿奉璧往使。城入赵而璧留秦;城不入,臣请完璧归赵。”赵王于是遂遣相如奉璧西入秦。
秦王坐章台见相如。相如奉璧奏秦王。秦王大喜,传以示美人及左右,左右皆呼万岁。相如视秦王无意偿赵城,乃前曰:“璧有瑕,请指示王。”王授璧。相如因持譬却立,倚柱,怒发上冲冠,谓秦王曰:“大王欲得璧,使人发书至赵王,赵王悉召群臣议,皆曰:‘秦贪,负其强,以空言求璧,偿城恐不可得。’议不欲予秦璧,臣以为布衣之交尚不相欺,况大国乎?且以一璧之故逆强秦之欢,不可。于是赵王乃斋戒五日,使臣奉璧,拜送书于庭。何者?严大国之威以修敬也。今臣至,大王见臣列观,礼节甚据,得璧,传之美人,以戏弄臣。臣观大王无意偿赵王城邑,故臣复取璧。大王必欲急臣,臣头今与璧俱碎于柱矣!”
译文:
廉颇是赵国的优秀将领。赵惠文王十六年,廉颇做赵国的大将去攻打齐国,把齐国打得大败,夺取了阳晋,被任命做上卿,凭他的勇猛善战在诸侯各国之间出了名。
蔺相如是赵国人。做赵国宦官头目缪贤的门客。
赵惠文王的时候,得到楚国的和氏璧。秦昭王听到了这件事,派人送给赵王一封信,愿意用十五座城池换取这块宝玉。赵王跟大将军廉颇一班大臣商议:想把这块宝玉让给秦国吧,恐怕秦国的那些城池得不到手,白白地受欺骗;想不让给秦国吧,又担心秦国的大军马上打过来。(因此)商量不出结果来,想找个可以出使去回复秦国的人,也没有找到。
宦官头目缪贤说:“我的门下客蔺相如可以担任这个差使。”赵王问:“怎么知道他可以呢?”缪贤回答说:“我曾经犯了罪,私下打算逃跑到燕国去。我的门下客蔺相如拦阻我说:‘您怎么了解燕王?’我告诉他说,我曾跟着大王到边境上与燕王相会,燕王私下握着我的手说:‘愿意交个朋友’,因此我了解他,所以打算投奔去。相如对我说:‘赵国强而燕国弱,而您又受到赵王重用,所以燕王想和您交朋友。现在您却是从赵国逃跑去投靠燕国,燕国害怕赵国,他们势必不敢收留您,反而会把您绑起来送回赵国。您不如解衣露体伏在刑具上请求大王处罚,或许侥幸能得到赦免。’我按照他的办法去做,(果然)大王恩赦了我的罪。我看他这个人是个勇士,又有智谋,应该可以担当这个差使。”
于是赵王召见(蔺相如),问蔺相如说:“秦王要用十五座城池换我的和氏璧,可以给他吗?”相如说:“秦国强大,赵国弱小,不能不答应。”赵王说:“拿了我的璧,(却)不给我城池,怎么办?”相如说:“秦王用城池来换宝玉而赵国不答应,理屈的是赵国;赵国给了宝玉而秦国不给赵国城池,理屈的是秦国。比较这两个对策,宁可答应(给秦国璧),使秦国承担理屈(的责任)。”赵王问:“谁可以担当这个使者呢?”相如说:“大王如果实在找不到合适的人,我愿捧着和氏璧出使秦国。城池给了赵国,就让它留在秦国;城池不给赵国,我一定将璧完完整整地带回来。”于是赵王就派蔺相如带着和氏璧向西出发,到秦国去。
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