第99章 监造兵马俑(十)(2 / 2)
哥就是个兵马俑
北海布衣
1016 字
2022-04-22
陶马的马头是用模具制成的。马头有宽、窄两种,各自作法不同。窄狭型的马头,合缝线位于马头的正中,左右两片大小相同。每片的内侧都有按压、锤打的凹窝,先用模具制作,然后将两片粘接合在一起制成马头。所有的陶马均作张口嘶鸣状,马口的下颔是单独捏塑,并经舌和牙齿的刻划后,再粘接在马头下部的。宽博型的马头,是由五块泥片拼合粘接而成的,即左、右两侧的面颊各一片,马头的三片均系手塑。将上述五片拼合粘接在一起后,在内侧合缝线上一般都要覆泥进行加固。
马头上的附件,如马耳、飞鬃的大小、长短和厚薄都不一样,且上面留有用刀削刮、刻划的痕迹,说明这些附件都是单独捏制后再与马头连接的。陶马的颈部中空,体腔中空,这些都是由不同形状的泥片拼合而成的,而所有的泥片合缝处,都在内侧覆有一层硬泥,经过锤打使其接茬牢固。陶马体腔内部有成片的麻布纹和细绳纹,以及直径约5厘米的圆形锤窝,这是锤打时衬着麻布或麻绳的编织物。马腿和马尾也是单独用手工制成的。等陶马的各个部件分别做好后,即可进行拼装组合。其顺序是由腿到体腔,再接上颈、头、尾,从而组成马体的大型。每匹陶马重达245公斤,在拼装组合的过程中,还需要借助支架的支撑才能防止马体变形。
组合后的陶马还要对其外表进行一些细部修饰,躯干的外部要涂上一层细泥,经过打磨使表面光滑平整,显得马体肌肉丰满:在马胸部堆贴泥块,雕刻出凸块状胸肌;双肩处覆泥较厚,以显示肩胛的高大宽博;马的立鬃为高浮雕,上面用篦状工具划出细细的鬃毛。
骑兵的鞍马比车马的雕饰略为复杂一些,在马背上要堆泥雕出高浮雕的鞍桥、浅浮雕的鞍鞯,鞍上的流苏及肚带、马镫等细部装饰,这些都是用减地法或贴泥条法雕成的。鞍上一排排鞍钉及细部的纹饰用阴线显示。由于运用了不同的雕刻技法,使鞍鞯造型十分逼真。陶马的四肢经过细致地刻削打磨,圆的地方溜圆而有光泽,扁的地方棱角分明,皮肉、骨节的关系都表现得十分清楚。”
听到此处,众人不由自主的鼓掌喝彩。秦晓篆暗想,看来老话说的不假,隔行如隔山啊。真是没有想到,兵马俑这个看似简单的行当,还蕴藏着这么深的学问。
光阴似箭,日月如梭。春去秋来,四季更替,就在忙忙碌碌和不知不觉中,一年多时间过去了。
秦始皇陵南依骊山,北临渭水,是一处风景绝佳的风水宝地。
这一年多的时间,秦晓篆既忙碌又充实。每日里不是去各个工坊和土窑巡视,与大量的劳工和工匠交谈详细了解情况,就是在去巡视的路上来回奔波。就连晚上都不得安生,经常被羸炀拽着坐下来商谈所谓的要事大事。当然了,这些事情都离不开监造兵马俑的进度和质量。
精诚所至,金石为开。他们与众人的心血并没有白费,眼看着一至三号俑坑内的陶俑和陶马数量与日俱增,还有劳工营众人的干劲和热情,都深深感染和感动着秦晓篆。
作为从二十世纪穿越至此的青年一代,秦晓篆终于见识到了什么是古人的智慧。普普通通的一堆泥巴,在那些心灵手巧的工匠手里,捏把塑造成了兵马俑的胳膊腿,再经过烧制和彩绘,就变成了一件件精湛绝伦的艺术品。
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