0243 废除卫所(1 / 2)

跨界商明 飞翔的羊 0 字 2021-03-12

如此一个改革行政区划设制,改变大明以往''皇权不下乡''传统,改变官吏区别,改变科举制度的方案实际上还牵涉一个问题是卫所。

卫所类似军屯却又不完全是,在朱元璋设计时确实是十分理想,因为在朱元璋设想中卫所乃是平时种地农闲练兵,生产的粮食足够这些农兵平日生活与训练。

但他设想的卫所制一来官兵都是父子相传的,因而当官愈来愈富有再加又有权,比地主于佃户的权力还大,佃户还可以不干了外,还有勤劳致富经商致富的可能性,就算是当流民也是自由一些。

可卫所制代代相传就限定了身份,在编制内根本不可能换个百户换个总旗换个小旗的。土地又渐渐为各级军官占去,卫所兵们就如自耕农沦落成佃户却无法换个主家,干其它也不允许,逃跑的罪也是杀了也无人管的。

这样状态下的卫所制卫所兵虽然比农民还有兵的编制与一些训练,但士兵们体质还不一定比农民强多少。兵器也承平日久腐朽与保管不善加贪污盗卖下不可能齐全精良,整个卫所兵也就是比刚拉起来的义军好一点。

但这样的卫所朝廷也是付出了不少代价的,虽然一开始这卫所还能上交粮食,可是人口在增加,这与官兵固化一样对卫所制的伤害非小,而且是不仅无法向上交粮而是他们种的粮食早已不够吃了,需要给予一部分粮食才能维持军队的架子。

对此穿越众的办法是彻底废除卫所制,因为卫所制下大明虽然有一百多万军队,可这个军队实在是不可能当正规军用的,还不如将他们遣散了复归农民交的税养活的军队人数少一些却有用。

还有这些军籍与匠籍、乐籍等制度也是太落后了,将人限制太深,这时逃籍的人也太多了。卫所制又对行政区划改革不利,从这些方面看还不如将卫所改变为县级的守备队,府级的保安营,省级的独立师之类的治安剿匪军队为好,其他人放归为民才能更好齐民编户。

只是滋事重大又复杂,穿越众虽弄出了个方案仍然找内阁中孙承宗等人及卢象升等人商议。主要是卫所制大家都知道它已经不行了,可是如何处理还是有些分歧的。

有主张修修补补或重新整顿的,也有主张彻底解决的,基本上还是前者为多,原因是卫所兵多少还有点用,一刀切又不大好下手。

不好下手主要是那些军官怎么办,一个卫所五千多人却是有近千军官的,那是因为十个人的班长级小旗也是军官,管百人的一个百户后世连长级军官这时乃是正六品官员,这军官也是太虚高了,不文贵武贱总不可能七品知县见到百户恭恭敬敬称大人吧?

军官不好办外,还有卫所的土地当初都是公有的,与职地一样都是只有使用权的。可这时卫所的土地有被军官们占据的,有被地方豪强侵占的,也有个不少是因缺水荒废了。

这时废除卫所制只是一句话,但如此状态如何遣散他们就是支持遣散的人一样没什么好办法。对此穿越众的办法为厘清土地归属,如军官占据的退出来,地方豪强霸占的拿回来不算还要罚,荒废的想办法复耕,然后将土地的所有权分下去,不够就补钱或移民。

如此办法必然要清算陈账,把原来属于卫所的土地都拿回来,不然妥善安置卫所的人就是一句空话,或者朝廷拿出大量银子才行。

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