天(1 / 2)

子之义必纯取法地而观于先圣。士庶之义,必奉于父母而正于君长。故虽有明君,士不先教,不可用也。

古之教民,必立贵贱之伦经,使不相陵。德义不相逾,材技不相掩,勇力不相犯,故力同而意和也。古者,国容不入军,军容不入国,故德义不相逾。上贵不伐之士,不伐之士,上之器也,苟不伐则无求,无求则不争。国中之听,必得其情,军旅之听,必得其宜,故材技不相掩。从命为士上赏,犯命为士上戮,故勇力不相犯。既致教其民,然后谨选而使之。事极修,则百官给矣,教极省,则民兴良矣,习惯成,则民体俗矣,教化之至也。

古者,逐奔不远,纵绥不及,不远则难诱,不及则难,陷。以礼为固,以仁为胜,既胜之后,其教可复,是以君子贵之也。

有虞氏戒于国中,欲民体其命也。夏后氏誓于军中,欲民先成其虑也。殷誓于军门之外,欲民先意以行事也。周将交刃而誓之,以致民志也。

夏后氏正其德也,未用兵之刃,故其兵不杂。殷义也,始用兵之刃矣。周力也,尽用兵之刃矣。

夏赏于朝,贵善也。殷戮于市,威不善也。周赏于朝,戮于市,劝君子惧小人也。三王彰其德一也。

兵不杂则不利。长兵以卫,短兵以守,太长则难犯太短则不及。太轻则锐,锐则易乱。太重则钝,钝则不济。

戎车:夏后氏曰钩车,先正也;殷曰寅车,先疾也;周日元戎,先良也。旗:夏后氏玄,首人之孰也,殷白,之义也;周黄,地之道也。章:夏后氏以日月,尚明也;殷以虎,尚威也;周以龙,尚文也。

师多务威则民诎,少威则民不胜。上使民不得其义,百姓不得其叙,技用不得其利,牛马不得其任,有司陵之,此谓多威。多威则民诎。上不尊德而任诈匿,不尊道而任勇力,不贵用命而贵犯命,不贵善行而贵暴行,陵之有司,此谓少威,少威则民不胜。

军旅以舒为主,舒则民力足。虽交兵致刃,徒不趋,车不驰,逐奔不逾列,是以不乱。军旅之固,不失行列之政,不绝人马之力,迟速不过诫命。

古者,国容不入军,军容不入国。军容入国,则民德废;国容入军,则民德弱。故在国言文而语温,在朝恭以逊,修己以待人,不召不至,不问不言,难进易退,在军抗而立,在行遂而果,介者不拜,兵车不式,城不上趋,危事不齿。故礼与法表里也,文与武左右也。

古者贤王,明民之德,尽民之善,故无废德,无简民,赏无所生,罚无所试。有虞氏不赏不罚,而民可用,至德也。夏赏而不罚,至教也。殷罚而不赏,至威也。周以赏罚,德衰也。赏不逾时,欲民速得为善之利也。罚不迁列,欲民速规为不善之害也。大捷不赏,上下皆不伐善。上苟不伐善,则不骄矣,下苟不伐善,必亡等矣。上下不伐善若此,让之至也。大败不诛,上下皆以不善在己,上苟以不善在己,必悔其过,下苟以不善在己,必远其罪。上下分恶若此,让之至也。

古者戌军,三年不兴,覩民之劳也;上下相报若此,和之至也。得意则恺歌,示喜也。偃伯灵台,答民之劳,示休也

。凡战之道,位欲严,政欲栗,力欲窕,气欲闲,心欲一。

凡战之道,等道义,立卒伍,定行列,正纵横,察名实。立进俯,坐进跪。畏则密,危则坐。远者视之则不畏,迹者勿视则不散。位,下左右,下甲坐,誓徐行之,位逮徒甲,筹以轻重。振马躁,徒甲畏亦密之,跪坐、坐伏,则膝行而宽誓之。起、躁,鼓而进,则以铎止之。衔枚、誓、糗、坐,膝行而推之。执戮禁顾,噪以先之。若畏太甚,则勿戮杀,示以颜色,告之以所生,循省其职。

凡三军:人戒分日;人禁不息,不可以分食;方其疑惑,可师可服。

凡战:以力久,以气胜。以固久,以后胜,本心固,新气胜。以甲固,以兵胜。凡车以密固,徒以坐固,甲以重固,兵以轻胜。

人有胜心,惟敌之视。人有畏心,惟畏之视。两心交定,两利若一。两为之职,惟权视之。

凡战:以轻行轻则危,以重行重则无功,以轻行重则败,以重行轻则战,故战相为轻重。

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