大(1 / 1)

赋税下(唐)

唐武德元年,诏曰:“宗绪之情,义越常品,宜加惠泽,以明等级。诸宗姓有官者,宜在同列之上;未有职任者,不在徭役之限。”二年制:每一丁租二石。若岭南诸州则税米:上户一石二斗,次户八斗,下户六斗;若夷獠之户,皆从半输。蕃人内附者,上户丁税钱十文,次户五文,下户免之;附经二年者,上户丁输羊二口,次户一口,下户三户共一口,凡水旱虫霜为灾,十分损四分以上免租,损六以上免租调,损七以上课役俱免。六年三月令:天下户量其资产,定为三等。至九年三月,诏:天下户立三等,未尽升降,宜为九等。

贞观二年四月,户部尚书韩仲良奏:“王公以下垦田,亩纳二升,其粟麦粳稻之属,各依土地,贮之州县,以备凶年。”

永徽五年二月敕:二年一定户。

龙朔三年秋七月制:卫士八等以下,每年五十八放令出军,仍免庸调。

武太后长安元年十月诏:天下诸州,王公以下,宜准往例税户。(至历四年正月制,一例加税。其见任官一品至九品,同上上至下下户等级之数,并寄田、寄庄及前资勋荫寄住家,一切并税。盖近如晋宋土断之类也。上上户四千,每等减五百,至下中七百,下下户至於五百。)

开元八年二月,制曰:“顷者以庸调无凭,好恶须准,故遣作样,以颁诸州,令其好不得过精,恶不得至滥。任土作贡,防源斯在。而诸州送物,作巧生端,苟欲副於斤两,遂则加其丈尺,有至五丈为疋者,理甚不然。阔尺八寸,长四丈,同文共轨,其事久行。立样之时,已载此数。若求两而加尺,甚暮四而朝三。宜令所司简阅,有逾於比年常例、尺丈过多者,奏闻。”二十二年五月敕:“定户之时,百姓非商户郭外居宅及每丁一牛,不得将入货财数。其杂匠及幕士并诸色同类有番役合免征行者,一户之内,四丁以上,任此色役不得过两人;三丁以上,不得过一人。”二十五年定令:“诸课户一丁租调,准武德二年之制。其调绢絁布,并随乡土所出。绢絁各二丈,布则二丈五尺。输绢絁者绵三两,输布者麻三斤。其绢絁为疋,布为端,绵为屯,麻为綟。若当户不成疋端屯綟者,皆随近合成。其调麻每年支料有馀,折一斤输粟一斗,与租同受。其江南诸州租,并回造纳布。(准令,布帛皆阔尺八寸、长四丈为疋,布五丈为端,绵六两为屯,丝五两为绚,麻三斤为綟。)诸丁匠不役者收庸,无绢之乡,絁布参檿。”(日别絁、绢各三尺,布则三尺七寸五分。)三月敕:“关内诸州庸调资课,并宜准时价变粟取米,送至京,逐要支用。其路远处不可运送者,宜所在收贮,便充随近军粮。其河南、河北有不通水利,宜折租造绢,以代关中调课。”

天宝元年正月赦文:“如闻百姓之内,有户高丁多,苟为规避,父母见在,乃别籍异居,宜令州县勘会。一家之中,有十丁以上者,放两丁征行赋役;五丁以上者,放一丁。即令同籍共居,以敦风教。其侍丁、孝假者,免差科。”

建中元年制:“百姓及客等,约丁产,定等第,均率作,年支两税。其应税斛斗,据历十四年见佃青苗地额均税。夏税六月内纳毕,秋税十一月内纳毕。其旧租庸及诸色名目,一切并停。”

凡权衡度量之制:度,以北方秬黍中者一黍之广为分,十分为寸,十寸为尺,一尺二寸为尺,十尺为丈。量,以秬黍中者容千二百为籥,二籥为合,十合为升,十升为斗,三升为升,三斗为斗,十斗为斛。权衡,以秬黍中者百黍之重为铢,二十四铢为两,三两为两,十六两为斤。调锺律,测晷景,合汤药及冠冕制,用小升、小两,自馀公私用升、两。诸课役,每年计帐至尚书省,度支配来年事,限十月三十日以前奏讫。若须折受馀物,亦先支料,同时处分。若是军国所须、库藏见无者,录状奏闻,不得便即科下。诸庸调物,每年八月上旬起输,三十日内毕。九月上旬各发本州,庸调车舟未发閒有身死者,其物卻还。其运脚出庸调之家,任和雇送达。所须裹束调度,折庸调充,随物输纳。诸租,准州土收获早晚,斟量路程崄易远近,次第分配。本州收获讫发遣,十一月起输,正月三十日内纳毕。(若江南诸州从水路运送,冬月水浅,上埭艰难者,四月以后运送,五月三十日内纳了。)其输本州者,十二月三十日内纳毕。若无粟之乡,输稻麦,随熟即输,不拘此限。即纳当州未入仓窖及外配未上道有身死者,并卻还。应贮米处,折粟一斛,输米六斗。其杂折皆随土毛,准当乡时价。诸边远州有夷獠杂类之所,应输课役者,随事斟量,不必同之华夏。诸任官应免课役者,皆待蠲符至,然后注免。符虽未至,验告身灼然实者,亦免。其杂任被解应附者,皆依本司解时日月据徵。诸春季附者课役并徵,夏季附者免课从役,秋季附者俱免。其诈冒隐避以免课役,不限附之早晚,皆徵发当年课役。逃亡者附亦同之。诸人居狭乡乐迁就宽乡者,去本居千里外复三年,五百里外复二年,三百里外复一年。一迁之后,不得更移。诸没落外蕃得还者,一年以上复三年,二年以上复四年,三年以上复五年。外蕃之人投化者复十年。诸部曲、奴婢放附户贯复三年。诸孝子、顺孙、义夫、节妇志行闻於乡闾者,申尚书省奏闻,表其门闾,同籍悉免课役。诸丁匠岁役工二十日,有闰之年加二日。须留役者,满十五日免调,三十日租调俱免,(从日少者见役日折免。)通正役并不过五十日。(正役谓二十日庸也。)

天宝三年制:每岁庸调徵收,延至九月三十日。五年制:天下百姓单贫交不存济者租庸,每乡通放三十丁。其年五月,停郡县官白直课钱,但计数多少,同料钱加税充用。即应差丁充白直并停。

按天宝中天下计帐,户约有八百九十馀万,其税钱约得二百馀万贯。(约高等少,下等多,今一例为八等以下户计之。其八等户所税四百五十二,九等户则二百二十二。今通以二百五十为率。自七载至十四载六七年閒,与此数,或多少加减不同,所以言约,他皆类此。)其地税约得千二百四十馀万石。(两汉每户所垦田不过七十亩,今亦准此约计数。)课丁八百二十馀万,其庸调租等约出丝绵郡县计三百七十馀万丁,庸调输绢约七百四十馀万疋,(每丁计两疋。)绵则百八十五万馀屯,(每丁三两,六两为屯,则两丁合成一屯。)租粟则七百四十馀万石。(每丁两石。)约出布郡县计四百五十馀万丁,庸调输布约千三十五万馀端。(每丁两端一丈五尺,十丁则二十三端也。)其租:约百九十馀万丁江南郡县,折纳布约五百七十馀万端。(约八等以下户计之,八等折租,每丁三端一丈,九等则二端二丈,今通以三端为率。)二百六十馀万丁江北郡县,纳粟约五百二十馀万石。凡都计租税庸调,每岁钱粟绢绵布约得五千二百三十馀万端疋屯贯石,诸色资课及句剥所获不在其中,(据天宝中度支每岁所入端屯疋贯石都五千七百馀万,计税钱地税庸调折租得五千三百四十馀万端疋屯,其资课及句剥等当合得四百七十馀万。)其度支岁计,粟则二千五百馀万石,(三百万折充绢布,添入两京库。三百万回充米豆,供尚食及诸司官厨等料,并入京仓。四百万江淮回造米转入京,充官禄及诸司粮料。五百万留当州官禄及递粮。一千万诸道节度军粮及贮备当州仓。)布绢绵则二千七百馀万端屯疋,(千三百万入西京,一百万入东京,千三百万诸道兵赐及和籴,并远小州使充官料邮驿等费。)钱则二百馀万贯。(百四十万诸道州官课料及市驿马,六十馀万添充诸军州和籴军粮。)

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