第四百六十五章 海路贸易开启(1 / 2)

唐朝好郎君 叶苑风 0 字 2021-04-28

据学者们估算,整个川西地区的诸羌人口,约在五六十万的量级。

贞观二年(628年),唐庭曾设25个羁摩州管理。三年后,羁縻州数量增至32个,内附人口达到了三四十万之巨。

但贞观十二年(638年)八至九月爆发的松州之战,让川西诸羌获得了另一个选择。

在同宗同源的感召下,诸羌大量倒向吐蕃,成了进攻川西的前锋和后援。(“为吐蕃所臣,籍其兵为前驱”)

《新唐书·地理志》记载,“乾封二年(公元667年)以吐蕃入寇,废十二州,咸亨二年(公元671年)又废蚕、黎二州。肃宗时,西戎、西沧、乐容、归德等州皆内徙,余皆没于吐蕃”。

川西诸羌的向背之心,才是松州之战最大的影响。

否则,一场战损不过千数人的边境摩擦,又何能让两个大国熄兵偃战?

不过,和南诏情况非常类似。几十年后,川西诸羌也受不了,开始组团倒向唐朝,“内附……凡二十万人口”。

《旧唐书·韦皋传》:“皋又招抚西山羌女、诃陵、白狗、逋租、弱水、南王等八国酋长,入贡阙廷。”

正是凭借川西诸羌和南诏的协助,唐军在德宗晚期(贞元十七年,794年),打出了一系列漂亮的反击战,重创了吐蕃的川西部队。

逼得吐蕃赞普赤德松赞,在康、嘉戎和山南等地实行了“大料集”,每三户出一军卒,充实军队。(详见拙作《帝国嗜血——唐蕃转折之战》)

川西战局的逆转,在一定程度上,促成了唐蕃最后一次会盟(长庆会盟),为两国人民迎来了和平的曙光。

吐蕃年年寻川西之路西来,压的剑南喘不过气。唐朝对此颇为不忿,曾两次准备溯江而上,给吐蕃来个黑虎掏心。

第一次是在武则天主政期间,侍御史王求礼给她出了一个馊主意,“征发梁(今陕西汉中)、凤(今陕西凤县)、巴(今四川巴中)州民众,从雅州(今四川雅安)开山通道,出击西羌,讨伐吐蕃。”

这个唐版318的计划一经提出,朝野震动,蜀地陈子昂上书力陈不可,“雅州诸羌从未叛唐,现在无罪而伐,是逼其反叛,投靠吐蕃。且吐蕃屡次攻伐蜀地,均未有突破,皆赖蜀地山高地险,今国家乃开其险,役其人,险开则便寇,人役则伤其财。若吐蕃趁机以诸羌为内应,则蜀地天险自破,蜀地必失。再者得西羌而不足已富天下,为此战却靡费甚多,届时国将因黩武而亡。”

第二次是在唐文宗太和四年(830年),李德裕刚被任命为西川节度使。结果当年九月,吐蕃维州副使悉怛谋主动要求献城降唐。

数十年来,久攻不克的维州居然唾手而得,对李德裕可谓是惊天之喜。拿下维州后,他向朝廷上奏,从维州城“东北繇索丛岭而下二百里,地无险,走长川,不三千里,直吐蕃之牙”。

为实现这个战略计划,他提出派羌兵三千人,烧毁吐蕃的十三桥,直捣吐蕃腹心,给吐蕃以致命的一击。

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