第二百六十五章 司马懿秣兵谋江夏(1 / 1)

三月初,张悌军渡江后,于杨荷(今安徽和县)正遇王浑部将城阳都尉张乔率七千兵马赶到,张悌军随即将张乔军包围,张乔兵微势弱,便闭寨请降。副军师诸葛靓认为,张乔是以假投降行缓兵之计,拖延时日,等待后援,我应急速进兵予以歼灭。但张悌却主张放过他们,因为强敌在前,不可因小敌而出战。于是接受张乔投降后,率兵继续前进,随即与王浑主力部队之司马孙畴和扬州刺史周浚军列阵相对。吴将沈莹首先率领五千精锐向晋军攻击,三次冲击均未奏效,被晋军斩首二将,不得不退兵。晋军则乘吴军退兵混乱之机,以将军薛胜、蒋班率军追杀,吴军大败。此时,伪降之张乔军又从背后杀来,吴军溃败而逃。诸葛靓见大势已去,收集败兵数百逃回江南。张悌不肯逃走,与沈莹、孙震力战而死,吴军三万多人,被斩近八千人,余皆逃散,晋军遂胜利推进至江边。此时,扬州别驾何恽向扬州刺史周浚建议说:“张悌率东吴三万精兵,被我歼灭,吴国上下震惊,现龙骧将军王濬已攻下武昌,乘胜东下,所向皆克,吴已呈土崩瓦解之势,我应速挥军渡江,直捣建业,大军突然而至,定能不战而逼降东吴。”但王浑听到这一建议后则认为晋武帝只命他出兵江北,以抗吴军,如果渡过长江,就是违背君命,即使作战获胜,也难以获赏;但若失败,必获重罪。于是,王浑坚持按原诏令,就地等待王濬军的到达,然后再统一节制王濬等军渡江作战。何恽再次向王浑建议说,将军身为上将,当见机而进,岂有事事等待诏命之理。王浑仍不听从。

琅邪王司马伷所率的一路大军,自正月出兵以来,迅速进至涂中后,令琅邪相刘弘率兵进抵长江,与建业隔江相峙,以牵制吴军;同时派长史王恒率诸军渡过长江,直攻建业。王恒军进展顺利,一一击破吴沿江守军,歼灭吴军五六万人,俘获吴督蔡机。王濬军在长江上中游获胜之后,便挥军顺流而下,三月十四日到达牛渚。当进至距建业西南五十里时,吴主孙皓才派遣游击将军张象率水军一万前往迎击;但吴军此时已成惊弓之鸟,张象的部队一望见晋军的旌旗便不战而降。王濬的兵甲布满长江,旌旗映亮天空,声势十分盛大,继续向前推进。

原先吴主孙皓派往交趾征讨郭马的将军陶濬,行至武昌时,听到晋军大举进攻的消息,便停止去交趾,返回了建业。此时,吴主孙皓便授其符节,命其率军二万,迎击晋军。结果,二万军队出兵前夜便逃散一空。

此时,王浑、王濬和司马伷等各路大军已逼近东吴京师建业长江的北岸,东吴司徒何值、建威将军孙宴等交出印信符节,前往王浑军前投降。吴主孙皓见自己内部已分崩离析,便采用光禄勋薛莹、中书令胡冲等人的计策,分别派遣使者送信给王浑、王濬、司马伷,请求降服,企图挑唆三人互相争功,引起晋军内部分裂。使者先把印玺送给司马伷。王濬此时正挥军直进,三月十五日行至三山(今江苏南京西南)时,王浑派使者命其暂停进军,王濬不理,借口风太大,无法停船为由,扯起风帆直冲建业。当日,王濬统率水陆八万之众,方舟百里,进入建业。吴主孙皓反绑双手、拉着棺木,前往王濬军门投降。至此,晋军连克东吴四州、四十三郡,降服吴军二十三万,东吴政权宣告灭亡,三国长期分裂的局面也随之结束。

胜利消息传来,司马炎执杯流涕曰:“此羊太傅之功也,惜其不亲见之耳!”未参与战事的骠骑将军孙秀退朝时,向南而哭说:“昔讨逆壮年,以一校尉创立基业;今孙皓举江南而弃之!悠悠苍天,此何人哉!”

晋武帝司马炎经过长期的战争准备之后,终于以六路大军,水陆并进,直捣东吴京师建业,一举灭亡了东吴政权,使中国自东汉末年开始百年的战乱和三国鼎立纷争的局面宣告平定,中国又重新统一于一代新的封建王朝治理之下,这一统一顺应了社会发展的需要,对当时社会前进起了积极的推动作用。

建国五十七年、占据长江天险、拥有大军共二十多万的东吴政权。为何在西晋王朝的一击之下,便冰消瓦解,虽有其多方面的因素,但归结起来,主要有三个方面。

东吴自末帝孙皓当政以来,昏庸残暴,任意杀害臣民,动辄扒皮,挖眼,惨不忍睹,使朝野上下人人自危,朝不保夕。民间谣传章安侯孙奋应成为天子,孙皓便将孙奋和他的五个儿子统统处死;豫章太守张俊因替孙历之母扫墓,也被孙皓下令车裂;吴中书令贺邵因中风,不能说话,数月无法上朝,孙皓怀疑他装病,命人严刑拷打后,割断他的头,加以焚烧。孙皓还特别重用奸佞谄媚之徒,张俶因常进谄言、诋毁别人,十分被宠信,多次升官进爵,成为司直中郎将,进封侯爵,于是造成了官吏和民间互以私利为目的竞相诬谄的混乱局面,致使监狱暴满,全国上下一片恐怖气氛。

孙皓还特别憎恨胜过他的人,侍中、中书令张尚,口才捷利,雄辩超众,孙皓便借故收捕张尚,欲处极刑,公卿以下一百多人叩请孙皓减免张尚的罪行,孙皓当时假意应允,但将张尚送至建安后,终于将他杀死。孙皓每次宴会群臣,都强令大臣喝得烂醉,然后再让他们互相告发罪行,或立即处死,或剥下面皮,或挖出眼睛,君臣上下尔虞我诈,如此一个统治集团,自然四分五裂,人心丧尽,这就不能不从政治上注定东吴政权的必然失败。

当然,司马氏统治的西晋,也并非什么清廉之邦,只是政治上的腐败程度稍逊于东吴而已。然而作为西晋最高统治者的司马炎,在发动灭吴战争之前,与东吴孙皓类比,则尚属稍具政治头脑之士。因而,西晋的统治集团便远较东吴统治集团为强,它依靠一批谋臣良将渚如羊祜、杜预、王濬、张华等的辅佐筹策而取得了灭吴战争的胜利。

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