第29章胜败(2 / 2)

隋唐风云 风云再起 1478 字 2022-04-19

南北朝时期,佛教盛行,佛寺林立,大量的人口投身于佛寺之中,因而南北朝时期僧人遍地。按照当时佛家的习俗,僧人所穿衣服的颜色,就是黑色。

因而,“亡高者黑衣”这里的“黑衣”极有可能指的就是寺院里的僧人。从此,高欢对身着黑衣的僧人非常反感,每次出行都不愿和僧人碰面。

不过,这里的黑衣人在当时来看,未必就是指僧人,与东魏遥遥相望的西魏,所崇尚的颜色就是黑色,因为西魏是水德,水德崇尚黑色。

这就涉及到中国古代一套非常重要政学说——五德始终说。

要解释五德始终说,那就要先了解一下五行,首先我罗列一下五行与颜色和方位的一一对应关系:

木,主青,主东方

火,主赤,主南方

土,主黄,主中央

金,主白,主西方

水,主黑,主北方

五行学说的诞生时间非常古老,五行最早见于文字记载是在《尚书·洪范》,因而,五行的产生时间绝对要比《尚书》更加古老和久远。

战国时期,齐国人邹衍最先提出了五德始终说,五德所指的就是木、火、土、金、水五种德性。邹衍将五行的相生相克的关系,应用到了王朝的兴衰更迭上,每一个王朝都代表这一种德性,朝代的更迭,也就意味着五德的一次相生或者相克的过程,这也就成为了后世王朝证明自己合法性的一种理论依据

北魏拓跋氏自称是黄帝之后,所以北魏建国之时为土德,崇尚黄色。一直到了北魏孝文帝汉化时期,孝文帝开始重新议定德性,认为北魏承袭的是晋朝的历史,晋朝是金德,金生水,因而北魏应该是水德,崇尚黑色。

到了北魏末年,六镇起,天下大乱,北魏分裂为东魏和西魏两个政权。

宇文泰认为自己的西魏才是正朔,所以仍然承袭北魏的水德,崇尚黑色。同时,宇文泰小字黑獭,带有黑字,而且史书载宇文泰“生而有黑气如盖”,“背有黑子”,种种异象都暗示着宇文泰和黑色有着不解之缘。

与宇文泰相对立的高欢,把持东魏政权,他认为东魏才是正朔,所以也承袭北魏的水德。按理说,水德尚黑才对,但是高欢偏偏要崇尚黄色。至于高欢为什么要崇尚黄色,史书没有记载,我们不得而知,不过可以推测,可能是因为高欢反对孝文帝汉化,所以高欢便尊奉北魏初期的尚色黄色。

由此看来,“亡高者黑衣”的预言,似乎已经有了答案,那就是预示着宇文家才是灭亡高家的罪魁祸首。

但是,历史的答案果真如此吗?谁才是真正的黑衣人

事实上,高欢时期根本就没有“亡高者黑衣”的预言,《北齐书》所记载高欢忌讳黑色,以及高欢每次出门都不愿意和僧人碰面,这些记载都不可信。

因为一些佛家典籍比如《续高僧传》记载,高欢对于僧人的态度是非常友好的,甚至于多次接待僧人来邺城问话,并且对僧人盛情招待。

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